二维粒子形状分类技术在云微物理特征分析中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王磊  李成才  赵增亮  姚志刚  韩志刚  魏强 《大气科学》2014,38(2):201-212

本文介绍了一种针对飞机粒子探测系统中云二维图像探头开发的二维粒子形状分类技术。该技术利用粒子形状几何参数特征把云粒子分为8种类型,分别为微小状、线形状、聚合状、霰状、球状、六角形状、不规则状和枝状。同时结合冰水质量关系,给出了探头液水含量和冰水含量的计算方法。最后应用该技术对2006年4月6日一次飞机探测获取的数据进行了云微物理结构分析,聚合状、霰状、六角形状、不规则状的总出现频率为78%,其中霰状粒子的出现频率随着温度的降低而增加。非降水云中的液水含量、液滴粒子浓度、冰晶浓度明显小于降水云,非降水云中液水含量的平均值为0.01 g m-3,冰水含量的平均值0.007 g m-3,冰晶粒子浓度的平均值为11.9 L-1。  相似文献   

戈壁地区夏季碳和水热循环及其湍流特征          下载免费PDF全文

赵子龙  张宏升  康凌 《地球物理学报》2013,56(8):2574-2582

本文利用2006年夏季大气边界层观测资料,采用涡动相关法分析了我国西北地区戈壁下垫面碳收支及水热循环的规律和特征,并分析了大气湍流特征.结果表明:夏季白天的CO₂湍流通量呈逆输送特征,即CO₂白天向下输送,夜间向上输送,平均数值为-0.199 mg·m^-2·s^-1,整体上表现为碳汇;戈壁地区湿度小,其数值受水平来流的影响较大,日变化特征不明显;温度的归一化标准差与稳定度参数的关系满足Monin-Obukhov Similarity (MOS)理论;温度和CO₂的能谱相似;互谱uc与uθ,wc与wθ相似;水汽和CO₂的输送主要受水平方向湍流的影响.  相似文献   

全球季风和季风边缘研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

林祥  钱维宏 《地球科学进展》2012,27(1):26-34

全球卫星探测和观测资料的积累,使以南海季风、亚洲季风为代表的季风研究兴起了一波研究热潮。区域季风认识的深入,推动了全球季风认识的发展,全球季风概念在20世纪末被提出来,并在21世纪初成为热点研究方向。季风边缘是与全球季风密切相关的概念,东亚夏季风北边缘的近期演变与全球季风过去几十年的减弱有关。全球季风的演变表现为分布全球的大气活动中心和季风槽的活动,[JP2]这些成员组成了一个完整的全球季风系统。按照上述季风研究的发展脉络,系统地总结全球季风和季风边缘研究的进展,并提出未来季风研究的方向会把全球大气活动中心与全球气候槽,包括全球季风槽联系起来,即从季风系统着手研究全球季风的年代际和世纪尺度变率。  相似文献   

基于OMI的亚洲地区对流层NO₂高分辨率反演产品POMINO v2.1及其与其他产品的定量对比     

张宇航  林金泰  刘梦瑶  孔浩  陈璐璐  翁宏健  李春锦 《遥感学报》2022,26(5):971-987

对流层二氧化氮（NO₂）是一种重要的痕量污染气体。现有基于OMI卫星探测器、覆盖亚洲地区的NO₂公开产品QA4ECV、OMNO2和POMINO受到广泛使用,然而对于这3个产品的差异的定量认识仍然不足。我们将前期开发的POMINO产品进行了改进和优化,更新至v2.1并将反演区域扩大至覆盖东亚、东南亚和南亚大部分地区,随后定量分析了QA4ECV、OMNO2 v4和POMINO v2.1对流层NO₂垂直柱浓度在2015年—2020年在不同采样条件下的异同。结果显示,POMINO版本的更新对自身NO₂柱浓度反演结果的整体影响较小（<10%）。当3个产品均基于POMINO v2.1进行一致采样时,产品之间在整个亚洲区域的平均差异约为10%,在京津冀等污染地区的差异最高可达40%。3个产品均显示,京津冀地区NO₂柱浓度在五年间下降了约30%,而长三角地区的变化趋势较小。当3个产品进行分别采样时,POMINO v2.1的有效数据量比其他两个产品增加了11%—44%,特别是更好地保留了重污染情形下的NO₂数据,从而降低了采样引起的对NO₂污染水平的系统性低估。本研究对于NO₂卫星产品差异的定量分析有助于认识氮氧化物污染状况以及排放和影响评估。  相似文献   

大气环境卫星污染气体和大气颗粒物协同观测综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张莹  李正强  赵少华  张兴赢  林金泰  秦凯  刘诚  张元勋 《遥感学报》2022,26(5):873-896

空气污染作为一种重要的环境问题,直接影响人们的日常生活和身体健康。随着污染气体和颗粒物观测技术的逐步成熟,基于卫星平台的近地层大气污染物监测得到了快速的发展。本文概括性描述了大气环境关注的污染气体和大气颗粒物的主流遥感方法,对各方法的适用场景及优缺点进行了评述。尽管差分吸收光谱方法对污染气体的监测十分有效,但最优估计算法可进一步从多光谱信息中提取部分污染气体（例如：臭氧O₃、一氧化碳CO等）的分层信息,有助于更细致地刻画污染气体在整层大气中的垂直分布。对于大气颗粒物遥感方法,采用不同的技术手段进行地气解耦是算法的核心问题,增加光谱、角度、偏振以及时间序列信息都可有效增加算法的地气解耦能力。基于对污染气体和大气颗粒物反演算法的总结,从污染气体和颗粒物协同观测的角度对卫星平台及传感器的发展历程进行了梳理,论述了紫外、红外以及可见光波段的传感器协同观测的优势,展望了未来静止卫星星座的高时空分辨率大气污染监测能力以及中国卫星的贡献。还探讨了以近地面大气污染物监测卫星探测技术及遥感算法亟待解决的问题以及未来的可能发展方向。  相似文献   

全球气候变暖争议中的核心问题   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王绍武  葛全胜  王芳  闻新宇  黄建斌 《地球科学进展》2010,25(6):656-665

综合分析了全球气候变暖争议中的3个核心问题:①全球变暖停滞了吗?回答是不一定。虽然根据HadCRUT3序列显示1999—2008年温度增量很小,但是这10年仍是过去30年中最暖的10年。而根据NASA GISS序列,则同期温度增量仍达到0.19℃/10a。目前全球地表气温在一个较暖平台上振荡,不能忽视自然气候变率。②气候变暖完全是由人类活动造成的吗?回答是否定的。虽然温室效应加剧可能是全球变暖的主要原因。但是,ENSO、太阳活动、火山活动、热盐环流等对全球变暖也有影响,在年代际及年际尺度上其影响甚至有时可能超过人类活动的作用。其中,太阳活动对气候变化的影响是需要重点考虑的因素。③气候变暖的影响有十分明显的迹象吗?回答是肯定的。近几年冰雪圈融化的速率及海平面上升的速率均超过了2007年IPCC第四次评估报告的估计,因此对未来SL上升的预估值也增加了。  相似文献   

A study on atmospheric turbulence structure and intermittency during heavy haze pollution in the Beijing area     

Ren  Yan  Zhang  Hongsheng  Wei  Wei  Cai  Xuhui  Song  Yu  Kang  Ling 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(12):2058-2068

In this study,the characteristics of turbulence transport and intermittency and the evolutionary mechanisms were studied in different pollution stages of heavy haze weather from December 2016 to January 2017 in the Beijing area using the method developed by Ren et al.(2019) as the automatic identification of atmospheric spectral gaps and the reconstruction of atmospheric turbulence sequences.The results reveal that turbulence intermittency is the strongest in the cumulative stage(CS)of heavy haze weather,followed by in the transport stage(TS),and it is the weakest in the dissipation stage(DS).During the development and accumulation of haze pollution,buoyancy contributes negatively to turbulent kinetic energy(TKE),and horizontal wind speed is low.The classical turbulent motion is often affected by submesoscale motion.As a result,the calculation results of turbulence parameters are affected by submesoscale motion,which causes intensified turbulence intermittency.During the dissipation of pollution,the downward momentum transfer induced by low-level jets provides kinetic energy for turbulent motion in the near surface layer.The turbulent mixing effect is enhanced,and intermittency is weakened.Due to the intermittency of atmospheric turbulence,turbulence parameters calculated from the original fluctuation of meteorological elements may be overestimated.The overestimation of turbulence parameters in the CS is the strongest,followed by the TS,and the DS is the weakest.The overestimation of turbulent fluxes results in an overestimation of atmospheric dissipation capability that may cause an underestimation of pollutant concentrations in the numerical simulations of air quality.  相似文献   

Climatology of tropical cyclone tornadoes in China from 2006 to 2018     

Bai  Lanqiang  Meng  Zhiyong  Sueki  Kenta  Chen  Guixing  Zhou  Ruilin 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(1):37-51

We surveyed the occurrence of tropical cyclone(TC) tornadoes in China from 2006 to 2018. There were 64 cataloged TC tornadoes, with an average of five per year. About one-third of the landfalling TCs in China were tornadic. Consistent with previous studies, TC tornadoes preferentially formed in the afternoon shortly before and within about 36 h after landfall of the TCs. These tornadoes mainly occurred in coastal areas with relatively flat terrains. The maximum number of TC tornadoes occurred in Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces. Most of the TC tornadoes were spawned within 500 km of the TC center. Two notable characteristics were found:(1) TC tornadoes in China mainly occurred in the northeast quadrant(Earth-relative coordinates) rather than the right-front quadrant(TC motion-relative coordinates) of the parent TC circulation;and(2) most tornadoes were produced by TCs with a relatively weak intensity(tropical depressions/storms), in contrast with the United States where most tornadoes are associated with stronger TCs. Further analyses showed that TC tornadoes in China tend to be spawned in an environment with large low-level storm relative helicity and large convective available potential energy taking entrainment effects into account. TC tornadoes were particularly active in 2018, with 24 reported tornadoes accounting for 37.5% of the total surveyed samples. The first recorded tornado outbreak in the modern history of China occurred in the envelope of TC Yagi(2018), in which 11 tornadoes were reported in association with significant midlevel intrusions of dry air and the interaction of Yagi with an approaching midlatitude midlevel trough.  相似文献   

The behavior of deep convective clouds over the warm pool and connection to the Walker circulation     

Wenjing Shi  Ziniu Xiao  Yufei Ai 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(11):1605-1621

As the deep convective clouds (DCCs) over the western Pacific and Indian Ocean warm pool may play different roles in the climate system, variations in DCC properties over these two sectors are investigated and compared. The DCC intensity and area varies more significantly in the Indian Ocean than the western Pacific sector, while the DCC frequency is comparable in both sectors at the seasonal scale. Although the Indian Ocean sector is strongly dominated by the seasonal evolution, the interannual variations in the two sectors are comparable for all three DCC properties (frequency, intensity, and area). Besides, Walker circulation is closely correlated with the interannual variability of DCCs in both sectors. The Walker circulation strengthens (weakens) as the DCCs shift eastward (westward) over the Indian Ocean sector and westward (eastward) over the western Pacific sector. When more or stronger DCCs occur over the Indian Ocean sector (western Pacific sector), the Walker circulation becomes stronger (weaker) and shifts westward (eastward). Interestingly, the response of the Walker circulation to DCC variability over the warm pool is asymmetry. The asymmetry response of the Walker circulation to the negative and positive DCC anomaly may be related to the non-linearity internal variability of the atmosphere. DCCs over the Indian Ocean sector have a much weaker nonlinear correlation with the Walker circulation than DCCs over the western Pacific sector.  相似文献   

Correcting Black Carbon Absorption Measurements with Micro-aethalometer Model 200: Insights from Comparative Analysis          下载免费PDF全文

赵威伦  赵春生 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2023,29(4):401-409

Black carbon (BC) is the strongest visible-light-absorbing aerosol component in the atmosphere, with a sig-nificant impact on Earth’s radiative budget. Accurate measurement of BC light absorption is crucial for estimating its radiative effect. The micro-aethalometer model 200 (MA200) by AethLabs, USA, offers high-time-resolution measurement of the multi-wavelength absorption coefficient (σab) within 1 s, making it widely used in aerial measurement due to its compact size and light weight. However, the reliability of the measured σab has not been extensively studied in previous research. In this study, we evaluate the performance of MA200 by comparing σab measurements obtained from MA200 with those from the aethalometer model 33 (AE33) by Magee, USA. Our results revealed a significant variation in the determinant coefficient (R2 ) between σab measurements from MA200 and AE33, depending on the time resolution. The R2 increases from 0.1 to 0.5 and further to 0.97 as the time resolution of σab increases from 1 s to 30 s and 60 s, respectively. We recommend a minimum time resolution of 30 s for stable σab measurements using MA200. Moreover, we determine σab from attenuation coefficient (σATN) measured by MA200 as σab = (σATN – σ0)/CMA, where σ0 ranges from – 15.3 Mm–1 to – 6.4 Mm–1 and CMA ranges from 2.65 to 3.21. Correcting the measured σab based on the findings of this study can provide reliable results for estimating the radiative effects of BC.  相似文献